Self-care experiences among mothers of neurodivergent children: a qualitative systematic review and meta-synthesis

Mothers of children with neurodevelopmental conditions such as autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), experience significant caregiving burdens that can compromise their physical, psychological, and social well-being. While the negative impacts of caregiving are well-documented, the lived experiences of self-care among these mothers remain fragmented and underexplored across cultural contexts. This qualitative systematic review and meta-synthesis aimed to systematically identify, appraise, and synthesize the qualitative evidence on the lived experiences of self-care among mothers of neurodivergent children, focusing on motivations, barriers, strategies, and perceived impacts. A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, Embase, and PsycINFO from inception to May 2026. Qualitative studies exploring mothers’ self-care experiences were included. Two reviewers independently screened studies, assessed methodological quality using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) Qualitative Checklist, and extracted data. Thematic synthesis (Thomas & Harden, 2008) was employed to generate analytical themes. The review was reported according to PRISMA 2020 and ENTREQ guidelines. Of 1,847 records identified, 7 studies from six countries met the inclusion criteria. One overarching theme and five analytical themes emerged: (1) Intense Caregiving Burden and Progressive Depletion; (2) Intrinsic and Spiritual Motivations for Self-Care; (3) Multifaceted Barriers to Self-Care; (4) Adaptive Strategies and Practices; and (5) Perceived Impacts and Personal Growth. Self-care was conceptualized as a dynamic journey from depletion toward sustained agency, strongly influenced by cultural and spiritual factors. Self-care for mothers of neurodivergent children is a complex, culturally embedded process essential for both personal well-being and continued caregiving capacity. Findings highlight the need for culturally sensitive, strength-based interventions that address barriers and leverage intrinsic motivations. Future research should evaluate the effectiveness of tailored self-care support programs.