Atuação fisioterapêutica na prevenção e tratamento da lombalgia

Low back pain is a leading cause of disability worldwide, affecting quality of life and the ability to perform everyday activities. Physiotherapy plays an important role in symptom management and functional recovery. This study aimed to examine the main physiotherapy interventions used to prevent and treat low back pain, focusing on their effects on pain and functional capacity. A descriptive systematic review was conducted using PubMed/MEDLINE, SciELO, PEDro, and BVS/LILACS, covering studies published between 2016 and 2026. Of the 100 records identified, 10 studies were selected for analysis and discussion. Two additional institutional sources were used to provide epidemiological context. The findings indicated that muscle strengthening, lumbar stabilization, stretching, and motor control exercises, as well as interventions incorporating pain education and psychosocial approaches, may improve clinical outcomes. Improvements were reported in pain intensity, physical function, and certain aspects of quality of life, although no single intervention consistently outperformed the others across all outcomes. The review concludes that physiotherapy is an important component of conservative management for chronic low back pain, particularly when treatment is tailored to individual needs. However, further research specifically addressing prevention is needed to establish whether these interventions reduce the occurrence or recurrence of low back pain.