Evaluation of Use of Antiemetics to Prevent Post Operative Nausea and Vomiting

Aim & Background:Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is one of the most common complications following anesthesia, affecting 20–30% of surgical patients and up to 70–80% of those at high risk. Although rarely fatal, PONV causes significant discomfort, delays recovery, and lowers patient satisfaction..Materials and Methods:We conducted a prospective, observational study over six months at St. Philomena’s Hospital. Adult patients undergoing surgery were enrolled after informed consent. Data were collected daily from case sheets and direct patient interviews. The primary outcomes were the incidence and severity of PONV. Secondary outcomes included the classes of antiemetics used, adverse drug reactions (ADRs), and potential drug interactions.Results:During the study, the incidence of PONV was found to be 34.26% out of which 18% of the patients had 1 episode, 11% had 2 episodes and 8% had 3 episodes of vomiting respectively The various classes of antiemetics used to treat PONV were serotonin 5 HT3 receptor antagonists (ondansetron), dopamine antagonist (metoclopramide) and histamine antagonist (promethazine).ADRs observed were diarrhea and headache and in 52% of patients, potential drug interactions were identified.Conclusion:This study highlights the incidence and risk factors associated with renal insufficiency following cardiac catheterization. Advanced age, comorbidities such as diabetes and hypertension, and cardiac conditions like AWMI were found to be significant risk factors. NSTEMI was the common indication for CAG. One fourth proportion demonstrated elevated BUN and creatinine levels. Antiplatelets, anticoagulants, and statins formed the cornerstone of management.