SAE Theory of the Company · Specialist Paper: The Company in the Age of AI / SAE 公司论 专论: AI 时代的公司

This paper asks where judgment falls once execution is handed to AI, and who answers for judgment. In 2018 a self-driving test vehicle struck and killed a pedestrian in Tempe, Arizona; the safety operator in the vehicle had the power to take over, and the U.S. National Transportation Safety Board found that the probable cause of the crash was that she was not watching the road; among the contributing factors were the company's ineffective oversight of its operators and its lack of mechanisms for addressing automation complacency. The main line: AI executes, people are responsible for judgment; judgment has two halves, making the judgment and answering for it. The "ought" is addressed to the company: give people the conditions to judge, and make the position of judgment real; it is not stated as an ought that everyone should go and do judging. A judgment entrusted to a position requires that the position meet three conditions: able to judge, able to change the outcome, and not left worse off for exercising the power of judgment; a signature alone does not suffice to establish that these conditions have been given (ZN1). Where a company deploys a system, the address of attribution is the construct that deploys it, and the company cannot present an algorithm or AI as another address; the positions that set up, deploy, assess and oversee the process each bear accountability for their arrangements, and the account is not booked, on the strength of a signature, to someone without authority to control or conditions to judge (ZN2). Assessment does not press judgment into signing off; in the turn toward judgment, the arrangement of work is a shared affair, where a person grows is his own affair, and the cost falls on what is done; monitoring follows what the work requires; when AI acts for users, the scope of delegation and its revocation stay in the users' hands. This paper admits the question of a "corporate utopia": the direction is not claimed to be realized, and the baseline can be examined now. It lays down two propositions, written out at the ends of the sections and listed together at the end. 这一篇问执行交给 AI 以后,判断落在哪里,谁为判断负责。2018 年,一辆自动驾驶测试车在亚利桑那州坦佩撞死了一位行人;车上的安全员有接管的权,美国国家运输安全委员会认定事故的可能原因是她没有看路;促成因素里,有公司对安全员的监督无效,缺少应对自动化松懈的机制。主线是:AI 做执行,人负责判断;判断有两半,作判断,并为判断负责。"应当"说给公司:给人作判断的条件,把判断的位置做实;不说成每个人都应当去做判断。交给一个位置的判断,那个位置要满足三项条件:能判断,能改变结果,行使判断权不因此吃亏;仅凭签字,不足以认定这些条件已经给出(ZN1)。在公司部署的情形里,归责的地址是部署它的构,公司不能把算法或 AI 说成另一个地址;设定、部署、考核与监督流程的位置各就其安排担责,不凭签字把账归到无权控制、也无条件判断的人身上(ZN2)。考核不把判断压成签字;转向判断时,工作的安排是共同的事,他往哪里长是他自己的事,代价落在事上;监控照工作所需;AI 替用户办事,委托的范围与撤回在用户手里。这一篇承认"公司版乌托邦"之问:方向不主张实现,底线现在就能核。全篇立两条,各节末写出,篇末合列。 Related works(17) Relation Identifier Scheme Resource type Title References 10.5281/zenodo.19328662 DOI Publication / Preprint How Is Institution Possible: From Inter-Ontological Remainder to Co-Constructive Framework (SAE Foundational Paper 6) References 10.5281/zenodo.23269635 DOI Publication / Preprint To Whom the Ought Is Addressed (SAE Institution Theory, Paper 1) References 10.5281/zenodo.23270384 DOI Publication / Preprint Not Crossing the Line (SAE Institution Theory, Paper 2) References 10.5281/zenodo.23270922 DOI Publication / Preprint Conditions (SAE Institution Theory, Paper 4) References 10.5281/zenodo.23271324 DOI Publication / Preprint Open to Questioning (SAE Institution Theory, Paper 6) References 10.5281/zenodo.23874138 DOI Publication / Preprint Accumulation (SAE Political Economy, Paper 1) References 10.5281/zenodo.23874140 DOI Publication / Preprint Chokepoints (SAE Political Economy, Paper 2) References 10.5281/zenodo.23874142 DOI Publication / Preprint Checks (SAE Political Economy, Paper 3) References 10.5281/zenodo.23874150 DOI Publication / Preprint Growth (SAE Political Economy, Paper 5) References 10.5281/zenodo.23874154 DOI Publication / Preprint Support (SAE Political Economy, Paper 6) References 10.5281/zenodo.24021385 DOI Publication / Preprint A Way Out, a Way Forward (SAE Political Economy, Specialist Paper) References 10.5281/zenodo.24045716 DOI Publication / Preprint What a Company Is Not (SAE Theory of the Company, Prequel) References 10.5281/zenodo.24045723 DOI Publication / Preprint Working Together (SAE Theory of the Company, Paper 2) References 10.5281/zenodo.24045731 DOI Publication / Preprint Service (SAE Theory of the Company, Paper 3) References 10.5281/zenodo.24045739 DOI Publication / Preprint Keeping the Direction (SAE Theory of the Company, Paper 6) References 10.5281/zenodo.24030393 DOI Publication / Preprint What the Second Enlightenment Is Not (SAE The Second Enlightenment, Prequel) References 10.5281/zenodo.24117808 DOI Publication / Preprint Platforms and Gig Work (SAE Theory of the Company, Specialist Paper)