Adaptive Modulation and Coding Techniques for Optimizing Ku-Band Satellite Signals Under Diverse Weather Conditions In, Abuja, FCT, North – Central Nigeria

North central Nigeria especially Abuja the Federal Capital Territory has continued to experience rapid increase in the population since been made the Nigeria Capital City. This has pressurized the available communication system in the area. The Ku – band satellite communication system which operates between 12 to 18GHz in the frequency band that are increasingly relied upon to provide communication links face substantial challenge due to the adverse weather conditions experienced in the area. This issue is therefore addressed with the use of adaptive modulation and coding techniques (AMC) that dynamically adjust to varying weather conditions in real-time. In achieving these, the Nigeria Meteorological Agency (NIMET) was approached for a real-time, rain rate, RH (%) and temperature data that span between April to October 2021. Signal strengths data were also obtained to cover for the said years. The data from Abuja, were analysed. The analyzed data were then subjected to International Telecommunication Unit (ITU) Recommendations. Therefore, the successfully optimized the signal performance, enhanced communication reliability, and ensure efficient use of satellite communication resources under diverse and adverse weather conditions