The science of neuronal regeneration: a comprehensive review on the scientific exploration of a new path of regeneration in central nervous system

The review focuses on neuronal regeneration in the central nervous system and the inhibition of regeneration in the CNS, such as glial scar formation, which is a crucial mechanism of extrinsic inhibition of regeneration. Regeneration-Associated Genes (RAGs), various transcription factors, epigenetic regulation, and post-translational modification are involved in the intrinsic inhibition of regeneration. The recently discovered role of mechanosensitive ion channels in regeneration, along with the role of neural stem cells in CNS regeneration, has been extensively studied. The current review also reveals the mTOR pathway of regeneration in the CNS, the proposed ROCK pathway, and the cyclic AMP pathway in CNS regeneration. The main focus of the review is to find the possibility of regeneration in the CNS and to identify the molecular mechanism of regeneration by removing the inhibitory environmental factors from the CNS and promoting growth cones by adding growth-promoting factors and stem cell transplantation strategies.