The Effect of ChatGPT Use on Students’ Reflection on Pancasila and Citizenship Education Learning Materials

The rapid integration of Generative Artificial Intelligence (Generative AI) into education has created new opportunities to support reflective learning; however, empirical evidence regarding the relationship between ChatGPT use and learning reflection in Pancasila and Citizenship Education remains limited. This study examined the relationship between ChatGPT use and students' learning reflection among Grade XI students. A quantitative correlational design was employed involving 56 Grade XI students selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using validated questionnaires comprising 15 items measuring ChatGPT Use and 12 items measuring Learning Reflection. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and simple linear regression. The results demonstrated a positive and statistically significant relationship between ChatGPT use and learning reflection (R² = 0.813, p < 0.001). Descriptive analysis indicated that ChatGPT Use (M = 54.21, SD = 3.57) and learning reflection (M = 42.77, SD = 4.38) were classified as being in the "Good" category. These findings suggest that ChatGPT can support reflective learning when integrated into well-designed pedagogical activities under teacher guidance. This study contributes empirical evidence regarding the educational use of Generative AI in Pancasila and Citizenship Education and provides practical implications for promoting reflective and responsible learning.