When Duplex Printing Saves Nothing: Reprint Losses, Jam Rates and the Net Paper Saving From Printing on Both Sides

This paper addresses a practical question in office printing: printing on both sides of the sheet is the most recommended economy in office printing and the most quietly reversed. Using a self-contained computation from stated assumptions, the study evaluates the options across the range a small operation ordinarily meets and identifies the point at which the balance of cost, quality and material use changes. The headline findings are that saving pct no errors is 49.8; saving pct at 5pct error is 47.3; saving pct at 20pct error is 39.8; breakeven error fraction is 0.998. These figures come from a simulation study: the work is SIMULATED, NOT MEASURED, no physical trials were performed, and every number reported is taken from the deposited computation output so that any reader can reproduce or refute it with local values. The practical value of the result is a rule that can be applied at the point of work without further calculation, together with the tabulated cases from which the rule was derived and a statement of the assumptions on which it depends. Where the computation shows that a widely used practice wastes money or material, that finding is stated directly; where it shows that a popular economy is genuine, the size of the genuine saving is stated with equal directness, so that effort can be directed to the economies that are worth having.