A Islamic Criminal Law Analysis of the Justice of the Dormitory Supervisor in Imposing Disciplinary Actions on Students at Islamic Boarding School

This study is motivated by the important role of Islamic boarding schools (pesantren) in shaping the character, discipline, and moral conduct of students through the application of fair rules and sanctions. The imposition of sanctions by dormitory supervisors at the Al-Quran Al-Zamriyah Islamic Boarding School has led to perceptions of unfairness, particularly due to differences in treatment between middle school and high school students. Therefore, this study aims to identify the forms and application of sanctions, analyze the considerations of dormitory supervisors in differentiating sanctions, and assess their fairness based on the principles of al-adl, al-musawah, and al-maslahah from the perspective of Fiqh al-jinayah. This study employs a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. Data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation involving dormitory supervisors as well as junior and senior high school students. Data were analyzed through data reduction, data presentation, and inductive conclusion-drawing. The findings show that sanctions are part of the tarbiyah process—one that is educational, gradual, and proportional, such as additional memorization assignments, cleaning duties, reprimands, counseling, personal guidance, and positive tasks. Junior high school students tend to receive stricter sanctions, while senior high school students are more often approached through dialogue and personalized interactions, taking into account their maturity and sense of shame. Generally, the application of sanctions reflects the principle of justice in Fiqh al-jinayah as long as differences in treatment are based on age, maturity, and the greater good, rather than on unfair subjective factors.