Attributes as Secondary Sentence Elements: Types and Learning Difficulties Encountered by Uzbek-Speaking Students

This article examines the grammatical and syntactic characteristics of attributes as secondary sentence elements in Russian, focusing on their classification and the difficulties encountered by Uzbek-speaking students. Particular attention is paid to agreed attributes, non-agreed attributes, and appositions, as well as the linguistic factors contributing to errors in their formation and usage. The study adopts a descriptive and contrastive linguistic approach to identify structural differences between Russian and Uzbek grammatical systems. The analysis demonstrates that the principal difficulty arises from differences in grammatical agreement. Russian is characterized by an inflectional grammatical system in which adjectives, participles, adjectival pronouns, and ordinal numerals agree with the nouns they modify in gender, number, and case. In contrast, Uzbek is an agglutinative language in which attributive modifiers generally remain unchanged regardless of the grammatical form of the modified noun. These differences may lead to negative language transfer, particularly in the selection of adjective endings, grammatical gender, and case forms. The article systematizes the major types of attributes, examines representative learner errors, and proposes instructional strategies based on contrastive analysis, contextualized grammar exercises, and systematic practice. The findings emphasize the importance of integrating grammatical explanations with communicative activities to improve learners' syntactic accuracy and language competence.