Osseointegration of Plasma-Modified Titanium Dental Implants Enhanced by Maca Nano-Suspension in New Zealand Rabbits: An Animal Study

Abstract Objectives To investigate the potential effect of combined cold atmospheric plasma and Maca extract nano-suspension as a dual implant surface treatment on osseointegration. Materials and methods Maca nano-suspension was formulated and characterized. Thirty titanium implants were placed in the tibiae of ten adult male New Zealand rabbits and were divided into three groups: untreated, cold atmospheric plasma-treated implants, and cold atmospheric plasma + Maca extract-treated implants. Implant stability was assessed using the AnyCheck ® device at the time of placement (primary stability), and then after four weeks (secondary stability). Histomorphometric analysis of the processed bone specimens was performed. Statistical significance level was set at P ≤ 0.05. Results No statistical significance difference was noted regarding the primary stability between the groups, whereas the secondary stability was significantly greater in the cold atmospheric plasma-treated group compared with the untreated control group ( P- value = 0.015). Histomorphometric analysis showed significantly greater percentages of mineralized bone area around implants in the cold atmospheric plasma + Maca group compared with other groups. Conclusion The combination of cold atmospheric plasma and Maca extract resulted in a greater area percentage of newly formed mineralized bone, suggesting a potential beneficial effect on peri-implant bone regeneration.