Pałac Pod Krzysztofory – stan badań, charakterystyka źródeł, postulaty badawcze

KRZYSZTOFORY PALACE – STATE OF RESEARCH, DESCRIPTION OF SOURCES, ACADEMIC POSTULATES Research on the history of the palace and its inhabitants has a long tradition, starting with the brief notes appearing in the works of Ludwik Łepkowski (1847), Ambroży Grabowski (1852) and Józef Wawel-Louis (1890), through the mentions of local legends (Klemens Bąkowski, 1898), the studies on the families who lived here, i.e. the Korycińskis (Konstanty Hoszowski, 1862), the Morsztyns (Stanisław Krzyżanowski, 1898), the Cyruses (Adam Chmiel, 1898), the De Stezis (Jan Ptaśnik, 1913), through the first monograph on the building’s architecture (Franciszek Klein, 1914) written in protest against the plan to demolish this valuable monument. The findings of the latter author focusing on the activities of Adam Kazanowski in the 1640s were further elaborated upon by Julian Pagaczewski who analysed the later stucco decorations in the context of Baldassare Fontana’s works (1938). A piece of important source material documenting the division of the estate among the heirs made in 1639 was published by Stanisław Tomkowicz (1922). A significant contribution was made by Jerzy Kossowski who in his unpublished paper (1953) defined the two major phases of the palace’s development, relating the first phase with Kazanowski, and the second phase (1862–1864) with Wawrzyniec Jan Wodzicki and architect Giacomo Solari. These findings were by and large sustained by Adam Miłobędzki in his synthetic work on 17th-century Polish architecture (1980); Miłobędzki associated Kazanowski’s activity with the gallery and the loggia in the inner courtyard, and pointed to the affinity of these architectural elements with the works of Constantino Tencalla. A monograph by Mariusz Karpowicz (1992) has been essential for the more recent studies on Fontana; papers by Henryk Świątek (1984) and Maria Zientara (1986) discuss the artist’s contribution to the creation of the palace’s decor. Celina Bąk-Koczarska’s study (1999) was a critical step forward in the research on the past owners and residents of Krzysztofory Palace; also noteworthy are the entries on Adam Kazanowski and Jacek Kluszewski included in Polski słownik biograficzny [The Polish bibliographic dictionary]; the latter man’s services for the early development of theatre in Kraków were presented by Kazimierz Nowacki (1991). Among the notable contributions to the research on the oldest history of building development in this settlement plot (burgher houses) we should mention analyses of urban development by Władysław Grabski (1960–1970) and Józef Jamroz (1968), as well as unpublished studies in this field written by Bogdana Książek and Jolanta Laskowicka (1976), and by Stanisław Sławiński and Joanna Hiżycka (1994); the latter study enabled us to isolate the oldest stone building (erected at the turn of the 13th and the 14th century) as a stone structure with a square floor plan, located at the back of the settlement plot. An analysis of the significant written sources dated 1556 and 1570 was carried out by Bożena Wyrozumska (1989). Architectural research carried out by Waldemar Niewalda and Aleksander Filipowicz (1980) and by Marek Łukacz (2000) resulted in the delineation of the stratigraphy of mediaeval basement walls. In their unpublished study (2001), Waldemar Komorowski and Bogusław Krasnowolski made an attempt to synthesize and elaborate on the abovementioned research by defining the hypothetical phases of the building’s architectural development through the ages, from the mediaeval burgher houses, through the baroque palace, through the alterations introduced in the 19th and the 20th centuries. A more precise delineation of the older phases of the structure’s development was presented in the architectural research conducted by Łukasz Holcer and Stanisław Cechosz (2007) in connection with the adaptation of the basements by the Historical Museum of the City of Kraków and the exposition of the perron. We should also note the progress in Komorowski’s research on the architecture of Kraków burgher houses and urban mansions (2003, 2007), and Genowefa Zań-Ograbek’s findings concerning the emblem of Krzysztofory Palace (a paper included in the present volume). Essential written sources include surveying books, Acta consularia, and the documents of Wawrzyniec Jan Wodzicki and Maria Anna Wodzicka, née Gratt deposited at the Ossolineum Library in Wrocław, while Dominik Pucek’s plan of the Market Square (1787) and the design for the palace’s adaptation (1796) are the earliest planning sources. Iconographic material was studied by the team of the Studio of the Iconography of Kraków (a department of the National Museum in Kraków) headed by Jerzy Banach (1998). As an outstanding architectural monument, Krzysztofory Palace requires a monograph study that would discuss its architectural transformations in the light of the history of the people who ordered and implemented them.