Developing Entrepreneurial Mindset in Preschool Education: A Scoping Review for the Development of a Competency Framework

Entrepreneurship education is an emerging approach that aims to develop transversal skills such as creativity, initiative, autonomy, and problem-solving. However, its integration into preschool education remains underexplored, and entrepreneurial competencies adapted to young children are still insufficiently structured. This study aims to map existing knowledge on entrepreneurship education in preschool contexts and to identify entrepreneurial competencies in order to propose a competency framework adapted to young children. A scoping review was conducted following the methodological framework of Arksey and O’Malley, further developed by Levac et al., and the PRISMA-ScR reporting guidelines. Searches were conducted in the Scopus and ERIC databases, leading to the selection of six studies that met the inclusion criteria. The findings highlight key competencies associated with the entrepreneurial mindset, including creativity, initiative, autonomy, cooperation, communication, perseverance, and problem-solving. Based on these findings, a preschool-adapted entrepreneurial competency framework was developed, integrating observable behaviors and educational activities. This framework provides a conceptual foundation for the future design and evaluation of entrepreneurship education programs for young children. Received: 27 July 2026 / Accepted: 25 October 2026 / Published: November 2026