Support of the limiting boundary measure of branching random walk

Candellero and Hutchcroft proved that for a supercritical branching random walk on a transient irreducible Markov chain, with an offspring law satisfying the $L\log L$ condition, the normalised occupation measures converge almost surely to a random measure $W$ on the Martin boundary, and asked for conditions under which the support of $W$ coincides almost surely with the set of accumulation points of the walk. We show that this holds whenever the boundary has a countable basis of open sets $V$ such that the exit probability $\mathbb P_x(X_\infty\in V)$ stays bounded away from zero as $x$ tends to any point of $V$. The condition holds whenever the Martin compactification is Dirichlet regular. It therefore covers simple random walk on regular trees, for which we give a self-contained proof, and finitely supported symmetric random walks on non-elementary hyperbolic groups, for every supercritical $L\log L$ offspring law. The proof needs only the integrability of the martingale limit, with no second moment, and it applies on both sides of the local survival threshold.

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Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2026-11-08
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24070250
Primary Topic
Stochastic processes and statistical mechanics
Type
preprint
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preprint

Support of the limiting boundary measure of branching random walk

Yitzchak Shmalo
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Stochastic processes and statistical mechanics
preprint

Support of the limiting boundary measure of branching random walk

Yitzchak Shmalo
preprint en

Abstract

Candellero and Hutchcroft proved that for a supercritical branching random walk on a transient irreducible Markov chain, with an offspring law satisfying the $L\log L$ condition, the normalised occupation measures converge almost surely to a random measure $W$ on the Martin boundary, and asked for conditions under which the support of $W$ coincides almost surely with the set of accumulation points of the walk. We show that this holds whenever the boundary has a countable basis of open sets $V$ such that the exit probability $\mathbb P_x(X_\infty\in V)$ stays bounded away from zero as $x$ tends to any point of $V$. The condition holds whenever the Martin compactification is Dirichlet regular. It therefore covers simple random walk on regular trees, for which we give a self-contained proof, and finitely supported symmetric random walks on non-elementary hyperbolic groups, for every supercritical $L\log L$ offspring law. The proof needs only the integrability of the martingale limit, with no second moment, and it applies on both sides of the local survival threshold.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Hebrew University of Jerusalem (IL)
Stochastic processes and statistical mechanics
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