Multi-Objective Network Capacity Optimization for Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Considering the V2G Technology

The article addresses the development of a comprehensive methodology for increasing the capacity and improving the electric power quality in distribution networks with a high proportion of electric charging stations (EChS). The synergistic use of bidirectional charging technology (V2G) and reactive power compensation devices (RPCs) is proposed. The objective function is formulated, aimed at simultaneously increasing voltage stability, reducing daily electricity loss, and minimizing capital investments and operating costs. The V2G algorithm is used to control the load schedule, which helps shave peak load power, and RPCs are used to compensate reactive power and ensure the electric power quality. The developed model takes into account the key system constraints: the thermal transmission capacity of conductors and the voltage and current total harmonic distortion coefficients. The uneven distribution of electric vehicles is taken into account by dividing the electrical network into zones. The methodology has been implemented using parallel search based on a genetic algorithm with real coding and tested on a standard IEEE 33-node test network supplemented with the Egyptian radial-ring circuit configuration in the MATLAB/Simulink software environment. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach to increase the network technical capability to connect new EChSs without the need to carry out large-scale upgrading of power transmission lines.