Targeting Red spruce restoration sites by geospatial analysis of priority, connectivity, and restoration actions in the Mount Rogers Highlands, Virginia, United States

Abstract Introduction Southern Appalachian Red spruce‐Fraser fir forests are globally imperiled ecosystems with high potential for restoration under current climate and atmospheric pollution conditions. Geospatially informed site selection is an important step toward effective and lasting restoration. Objectives We aim to identify promising locations for Red spruce restoration in the Mount Rogers Highlands, Virginia (MRH); assess connectivity among extant forest fragments; and develop a map of which restoration techniques are required based on modern land cover and Red spruce canopy density. Methods We integrate climate, land use history, Red spruce canopy, land cover, and topographic data in a geographic information system to identify and prioritize Red spruce restoration sites. We use a least‐cost path analysis to identify corridors within priority areas that could connect extant forest fragments. Finally, we identify spaces suitable for four established restoration techniques based on land cover, extant spruce canopy, and Red spruce understory. Results Approximately twice as much area in the MRH is eligible for Red spruce restoration than is currently Red spruce‐dominant. Analyses identify specific regions where restoration could be initiated and what actions that can be taken to expand Red spruce canopy coverage and reconnect Red spruce forest fragments. Conclusion Integrating land use, land cover, climate, topography, and vegetation datasets can inform restoration actions in southern Appalachian spruce‐fir forests during a critical time for their resilience under a warming climate.