Development and Effectiveness Test of Physical Literacy-Based School Health Program Model on Healthy Living Behavior and Physical Activity of Elementary School Students

This study aims to develop and test the effectiveness of a physical literacy-based School Health Program (UKS) model on healthy living behavior and physical activity of elementary school students. The research employed a mixed-methods approach using Research and Development (R&D) design adapted from Borg & Gall, combined with a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest control group design. The study involved 45 students (21 experimental, 24 control) from four elementary schools in Semarang City. Data were collected through observation, interviews, Focus Group Discussions, questionnaires (PHBS and PAQ-C), and analyzed using thematic analysis and inferential statistics with significance level α = 0.05. The model integrates four domains of physical literacy (physical, affective, cognitive, behavioral) into three pillars of UKS through 12 structured learning sessions. Expert validation showed high feasibility with score of 4.23/5.0 (84.6%, very feasible). Implementation consistency reached 84.7% across schools with 94.6% student participation. The model significantly improved all aspects of healthy living behavior (p<0.001) with very large effect sizes (Cohen's d = 1.28-3.10), achieving 100% of experimental group students in "excellent" category versus 8.3% in control group. Physical activity significantly increased (PAQ-C gain score = 0.97, Cohen's d = 1.527, p<0.001), with 90.5% of students achieving active or highly active levels compared to 33.3% in control group. The physical literacy-based UKS model is highly feasible and very effective for improving healthy living behavior and physical activity of elementary school students.