Kajian terhadap Proses Pelaksanaan Pengadaan Tanah untuk Pembangunan SMA Taruna Nusantara di Koyawas

Land acquisition for public infrastructure development often involves challenges concerning legal certainty and the protection of landowners’ civil rights. This study aims to examine the relationship between land acquisition regulations and the legal protection afforded to landowners, as well as to evaluate the implementation of land acquisition procedures for the construction of SMA Taruna Nusantara in Kojawas Village, Langowan District, Minahasa Regency, Indonesia. This study employs a normative-empirical legal research method, incorporating statutory and case approaches. Data were collected through a literature review of relevant laws and regulations, as well as field interviews with affected community members and representatives of the National Land Agency (BPN) and the Land Acquisition Committee. The data were analyzed using qualitative comparative analysis. The findings indicate that the land acquisition process for SMA Taruna Nusantara has largely complied with the legally prescribed procedures under Law No. 2 of 2012 and relevant Presidential Regulations, particularly regarding location determination, land inventory and identification, public announcements, and mutually agreed compensation. Nevertheless, several substantive challenges remain, including the limited technical and legal understanding of land acquisition procedures among local government officials, particularly at the sub-district level, and inadequate coordination among relevant authorities. These issues have contributed to uncertainty in determining fair compensation. This study provides theoretical and practical contributions to harmonizing national land acquisition regulations and strengthening the roles of notaries and public officials in ensuring legal certainty and protecting landowners’ fundamental rights in strategic development projects.