What Makes Fire Safety Special Campaign Policies Actionable? A Policy Evaluation Framework

Fire safety special campaigns are an important policy instrument for addressing prominent fire risks, undertaking anticipatory risk governance, and organizing intensive publicity and education activities. However, existing studies have focused primarily on the governance processes and implementation effects of special campaigns, while paying insufficient attention to how policy texts create governance actions that are executable and capable of being sustained. In this study, we introduce the concept of policy actionability and develop a policy evaluation framework for fire safety special campaign policies based on policy grounding, action design, implementation enabling, and governance follow-through. Using the Policy Modeling Consistency (PMC) index model and PMC surfaces, we evaluate six representative policies selected from a corpus of 25 central-level policy documents. Our results show that fire safety special campaign policies generally demonstrate strong action design, with a relatively comprehensive specification of governance targets, action tasks, and policy instrument configurations, whereas greater variation exists in responsibility systems, coordination mechanisms, implementation support, supervision and evaluation, and long-term governance. Different policy activation logics are associated with distinct actionability configurations, indicating that clearly defined action tasks constitute only the foundation of policy actionability. Effective linkages among responsibility allocation, coordination mechanisms, implementation support, supervision, and feedback are also essential for translating policy arrangements into governance action. The selected policies show substantial variation in governance follow-through, particularly in provisions for long-term governance. Future improvements in fire safety special campaign policies should therefore preserve the advantages of concentrated deployment and rapid action while placing greater emphasis on translating the outcomes of special campaigns into routine governance, institutionalization, and continuous monitoring.