Profil échographique des cardiopathies congénitales en milieu semi-urbain sub-saharien : étude rétrospective au Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Régional de Ouahigouya (Région de Yaadga, Burkina Faso)

Objective: To describe the anatomical profile of congenital heart diseases (CHD) evaluated by echocardiography in the cardiology department of the Regional University Teaching Hospital of Ouahigouya. Methods: This was a descriptive observational study with retrospective data collection conducted over a 15-month period (December 15, 2024 - March 14, 2026). All children aged 0 to 15 years who had undergone transthoracic Doppler echocardiography and had a usable report were included. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 25. Results: In total, 240 pediatric echocardiography reports were collected. There was a predominance of the neonatal age group from 0 to 28 days (50.83%). Respiratory distress was the main indication for the exam (29.58%). A structural congenital heart disease was diagnosed in 124 children, giving a diagnostic yield of 51.67%. Among the 124 CHD cases, 66 were male and 58 female (sex ratio of 1.14). Among the pathological cases, the most common conditions were ventricular septal defect (39.52%), patent ductus arteriosus (29.84%), and atrial septal defect (14.52%). Conclusion: The profile of congenital heart diseases at Regional University Teaching Hospital of Ouahigouya is characterized by a clinical and pathological polymorphism. These results highlight the urgency of strengthening early screening and conducting further research to explore the genetic and environmental factors associated with these malformations.