A single cell atlas of several popular anti-aging interventions

Several popular anti-aging drugs in current society provide application prospects for anti-aging strategies. However, individual aging is a complex process, manifested in the heterogeneity of cell, organ, and tissue aging, as well as the diversity of aging related signaling pathways. Here, we utilize single-nucleus sequencing technology to systematically evaluate the anti-aging effects of several popular anti-aging drugs (metformin [MET], nicotinamide riboside [NR], dasatinib plus quercetin [D+Q], spermidine [SPD]), and drug combination (MET+NR and MET+SPD) across multiple organs (brain, heart, kidney, and liver). All four drugs are capable of upregulating myocyte enhancer factor 2C (Mef2c) to counteract neuron senescence and dysfunction. The drugs improve cardiac aging phenotypes to varying extents, with D+Q showing the most pronounced effects. This study has systematically analyzed the anti-aging effects and related pathways of various drugs across different organs from multiple perspectives, will contribute to the innovation and advancement of anti-aging drug development.