Designing interactive vocabulary materials for EFL learners: A study in an Indonesian vocational school

This study developed interactive vocabulary learning materials for tenth-grade EFL learners in an Indonesian vocational school and examined their validity and practicality. Using a research and development (R&D) design based on the ADDIE model, the study involved needs analysis, material design and development, expert validation, implementation, and evaluation. Data were collected through questionnaires, interviews, observations, expert validation, and student-response questionnaires. The needs analysis showed that vocabulary mastery was a major learning difficulty and that students preferred interactive, visually supported materials. Expert validators rated the developed materials highly for content and media quality. Student responses also indicated that the materials were accessible, engaging, and useful for supporting vocabulary practice. These findings suggest that needs-based interactive materials developed through a systematic instructional design process are suitable as supplementary resources for vocabulary instruction in vocational EFL classrooms.