Analysis of the effectiveness of BIM technologies in the construction of buildings, bridges, and highways

Purpose. The objective is to investigate whether the use of BIM modeling in bridge construction in Ukraine meets the actual needs of the bridge life cycle. Methodology. A comparative analysis of the effectiveness of BIM technologies in industrial and civil engineering, bridge construction, and road construction was conducted, taking into account the specific characteristics of the structures, the complexity of design solutions, the need for coordination, the automation of work volume estimation, and the provision of information for operation. Findings. It has been established that BIM is most effective during the design of complex structures with a large number of interrelated elements. For industrial and civil construction, the main advantage is the coordination of structural and engineering systems; for bridges, it is the modeling of complex geometry, structural elements, and the sequence of work; and for highways, it is the integration of design solutions with data on topography, alignment, and earthwork. At the same time, it has been demonstrated that the need for BIM modeling is not fixed and depends on the type of project and the primary objective: ensuring the quality of design solutions, coordinating project participants, digitizing project documentation, or providing information support for the project throughout its life cycle. Originality. The scientific novelty of this study lies in the systematization of criteria for assessing the feasibility of BIM technologies for various types of construction projects. The paper justifies the need for a differentiated approach to BIM, in which the level of model detail, the composition of information data, and the depth of digitization are determined not only by the type of structure but also by its structural complexity, the scale of work, the number of interrelated elements, and the requirements for subsequent operation. Practical value. The practical significance of this study lies in developing an approach to selecting the optimal level of BIM implementation depending on the type of facility, its life cycle stage, and specific engineering tasks.