Occupational Health Risks: Personal Protective Equipment Utilisation and Exposures Among Healthcare Workers Ho West District, Ghana

Abstract Introduction: This study assessed occupational exposures, personal protective equipment (PPE) availability and utilisation, and factors associated with PPE utilisation among healthcare workers (HCWs) in Ho West District, Ghana. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 174 randomly selected HCWs from all 32 health facilities. Data collected using a structured, self-administered questionnaire in Kobo Collect were analysed in Stata 17. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests and logistic regression were used, with statistical significance set at p<0.05 and a 95% confidence level. Results: Overall, 79.3% of HCWs reported occupational exposure; 112 (64.4%) reported inadequate PPE availability, while 102 (58.6%) had poor PPE utilisation. Gloves were used by 75.3%, compared with gowns (5.8%) and eye protection (3.5%). Blood/body-fluid splashes were reported by 102 (58.6%) and needle-stick injuries by 73 (42.0%); 51.7% reported that exposures occurred rarely. PPE training was associated with higher odds of appropriate utilisation (AOR=2.75, 95% CI: 1.36–5.56; p=0.005), whereas economising on limited PPE supplies was associated with lower odds (AOR=0.34, 95% CI: 0.17–0.69; p=0.003). Conclusion: HCWs in Ho West District experienced substantial occupational exposure alongside inadequate PPE availability and generally poor utilisation. Regular practical training and a reliable, uninterrupted PPE supply are needed to improve appropriate use and reduce occupational risks.