Insect-Based Feed: A Sustainable Alternative to Conventional Protein Sources

The increasing demand for animal-source foods and the rising cost of conventional protein ingredients have encouraged the exploration of alternative and sustainable animal feed resources. Insect-based feed, particularly black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae, has emerged as a promising option for diversifying protein sources in livestock, poultry and aquaculture production. Other potential insect ingredients include mealworms, housefly larvae, crickets and silkworm pupae. These insects can provide protein, essential amino acids, lipids and minerals, while their production may contribute to circular agriculture through the utilisation of suitable organic by-products. However, their nutritional value varies with species, rearing substrate, developmental stage and processing method. Successful incorporation requires careful evaluation of digestibility, nutrient composition, feed inclusion levels and animal performance. Strict attention must also be given to microbiological and chemical safety, traceability and regulatory compliance. Although insect-based feed offers environmental and economic opportunities, its commercial viability depends on efficient production systems, quality assurance and species-specific feeding research. Responsible adoption could contribute to more resilient and resource-efficient animal production systems.