A 5.93 GHz microstrip antenna with defected ground structure for vehicle-to-vehicle communication

Microstrip antennas are an effective solution for vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication due to their ability to interface with other electronic components, compact size and ease of fabrication. Existing antennas, such as dipoles, monopole antennas and horn antennas, have limitations like low gain, radiation pattern and narrow bandwidth. This paper describes an optimised microstrip antenna for V2V communication in automotive environments. The suggested antenna resonates at 5.93 GHz. The antenna is designed on flexible RT Duroid 5880 material with a dimension of 25×25×0.787mm3. A rectangular patch with an L-slot is designed on top of the substrate to improve the antenna’s gain and bandwidth using a defected ground structure (DGS) design. The simulation results show a strong correlation with the empirical data collected through measurement. This antenna can be adeptly integrated into existing enclosures or fabricated in conjunction with pre-existing printed circuit board (PCB) electronics. The antenna performs better in simulations at 5.93 GHz, with an input reflection coefficient of −33.58 dB, VSWR of 1.07 and gain of 10.11 dBi.