CROTAMINE: FROM RATTLESNAKE TOXIN TO A MULTITARGET THERAPEUTIC TOOL

Crotamine is a cationic peptide found in the venom of the snake Crotalus durissus terrificus, extensively studied due to its biological properties and therapeutic potential. Structurally stable and capable of crossing cellular membranes, crotamine exhibits antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral, antitumor, immunomodulatory, analgesic, and anti-obesogenic activities. Its ability to selectively penetrate highly proliferative cells, interact with DNA, and function as an intracellular delivery vehicle highlights its biotechnological value. This review compiles studies published over the last 15 years, addressing the structural characteristics, mechanisms of action, and potential applications of crotamine in the fields of biotechnology, pharmacology, and medicine. In total, 140 publications were identified, of which 56 were included. The findings indicate that crotamine represents a promising biomolecule for the development of new therapies and innovative clinical intervention strategies, reinforcing the importance of continued experimental and translational research.