DEVELOPING INDEPENDENT LEARNING HABITS IN HIGHER EDUCATION

University students often study independently between classes, yet the amount of time they spend studying tells them little about what they can recall, explain, or apply. This paper examines how students can develop independent learning habits through a cycle of planning, monitoring, and reflection. A narrative discussion of selected research connects time management and goal setting with retrieval practice, feedback, motivation, and self-efficacy. A foreign-language writing assignment illustrates how a student can set a specific goal, collect evidence of progress, and revise the next study plan in response to difficulties. The central argument is that independent learning becomes more effective when students use evidence from their own work to decide how to study next.