Ramapithecus and Neolithic Prehistoric Tools: New Evidence and Research Perspectives in Global Paleontological Studies

This research article presents a multidimensional and detailed scientific analysis of the prehistoric background, geological upheaval, biological evolution, primate fossils, and Neolithic tools of Nepal and the Himalayan region as a whole. The 17-million-year-old primate fossil ound in northern Kenya, together with the remains of an upper molar tooth of Ramapithecus ıpproximately 11 million years old, recovered from the Tinau Khola area of Butwal, Nepal, has added a new global dimension to the search for the common ancestor of humans and the Grea Apes and to the effort to connect the chain of human evolution. This article offers an in-deptl review of Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection, Friedrich Engels' concept of labor and upright posture, the breakup of the Mesozoic continent of Gondwanaland, and the geological structure of the Siwalik/Churia region. In addition, through a close study of the typology external structure, and raw materials of surface-collected Neolithic stone tools obtained from various archaeological sites in Nepal- Charikot (Dolakha), Jugugaun (Kavrepalanchok), Lubhu Lalitpur), Kottanri (Nawalparasi), and Morang--it attempts to explore their interrelationship with the Neolithic culture of northeastern India and Assam. This studv demonstrates that the Churia and Himalayan regions of Nepal constitute an important site for the study of prehistoric human civilization and paleontology.