Effects of Gaze Point and Trajectory Factors on Gaze Gesture Interaction Performance in a Simulated Reading-Interface Page-Turning Task

Gaze-gesture interaction offers an alternative to conventional gaze selection, yet the combined effects of interface parameters remain underexplored. This study examined how gaze point size, position, trajectory length, and direction affect accuracy (ACC) and response time (RT) in a simulated page-turning task involving 35 participants. Results showed that larger gaze points and fixed positioning improved ACC and reduced RT. Shorter trajectories reduced RT without significantly affecting ACC, while horizontal trajectories improved ACC compared with vertical trajectories, with no significant RT difference. Significant interactions in ACC indicated that the effects of gaze point size and trajectory direction depended on positioning conditions. Under free positioning, accuracy gains plateaued beyond 128 px, whereas fixed positioning maintained improvements with increasing size. Overall, the findings highlight the importance of jointly optimizing gaze-gesture parameters and suggest that larger gaze points, fixed positioning, shorter trajectories, and horizontal movements offer favorable performance within the tested conditions.