VANYUKOV PECHI TOSHQOLLARIDA MISNING YO‘QOTILISH SHAKLLARI VA SHTEYN TOMCHILARINING CHO‘KISH SHAROITLARINI FIZIK-KIMYOVIY BAHOLASH

The forms of copper loss with Vanyukov furnace slags are analysed using experimental and industrial data published in 2018–2026, and the conditions for matte droplets to settle out of the slag are evaluated by calculation. In the slags of the Balkhash Vanyukov furnace and similar units, 75–90 % of the copper is present in mechanical form, i.e. in suspended matte droplets, but this ratio cannot be transferred directly to the slag of JSC “Almalyk MMC”, which is rich in silica, alumina and magnetite. Dissolved copper is lowest at a matte grade of 65–70 % Cu, and additions of Al2O3 and CaO reduce it further. The Stokes equation with the Hadamard–Rybczynski correction shows that the critical diameter of a droplet able to settle through a 0.5 m slag layer within 2 h is 123–240 µm at slag viscosities of 0.25–1.0 Pa·s. Raising the solid magnetite content to 15 % increases this diameter by a further 20 % or so. Since 90 % of the droplets in industrial slags are smaller than 15 µm, they do not settle even in 200 h. Therefore, to lower the copper content of the Vanyukov furnace slag at JSC “Almalyk MMC”, reducing magnetite, lowering viscosity and coarsening the droplets are more effective than extending the settling time.