Leishmaniasis Cases in Al-Khoms, Libya: A Three-Year Retrospective Study (2023–2025)

Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania, transmitted to humans through the bites of infected female phlebotomine sandflies. Leishmaniasis remains a major public health concern worldwide and affects over 90 countries, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. The aim of this study is to fill this gap by conducting a retrospective analysis of health center data from 2023 to 2025 in the City of Alkoms, Libya. The present study provides useful contemporary evidence on the epidemiology of leishmaniasis in the City of Alkoms during 2023–2025. The three-year observation period allows temporal patterns to be examined and provides a basis for comparison with previous and future surveillance data. Further studies incorporating environmental variables, sand-fly surveillance, reservoir-host investigations, molecular identification of Leishmania species, and more detailed spatial analysis would improve understanding of the mechanisms driving transmission in the study area.