A Unified Quadratic Algebraic Approach to Hadamard–Fibonacci Transformations

In this paper, we introduce and study a Hadamard-type transformation associated with quadratic Fibonacci numbers over the parametrized quadratic algebra Kp=R[h]/(h2−p) for p∈R. Rather than generalizing the scalar recurrence relation itself, we change the algebra in which the sequence takes its values and define the quadratic Fibonacci elements by Fn(p):=Fn+hFn+1, inspired by the relation αn=Fnα+Fn−1 for the golden ratio α and the matrix representations of Fibonacci sequences. To proceed, we employ generating functions, spectral operator theory, and the geometry of Kp based on the parameter p. By using Binet-type representations, we obtain a closed formula for the transform of an arbitrary generating function and describe the corresponding operator in a spectral way. In particular, we show that the monomials form an eigenbasis of the Hadamard–Fibonacci operator and that the eigenvalues are exactly the quadratic Fibonacci elements. Furthermore, we examine the preservation of rationality and algebraicity, the scaling of singularities, and the asymptotic growth rate under iteration, accompanied by explicit applications to harmonic numbers, Catalan numbers, and Stirling numbers of the second kind.

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Publication Details

Journal
Mathematics
Published
2026-11-09
DOI
https://doi.org/10.3390/math14214108
Primary Topic
Advanced Mathematical Theories and Applications
Type
article
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article

A Unified Quadratic Algebraic Approach to Hadamard–Fibonacci Transformations

Kadirhan Polat, Sait Taş, Abdullah Çağman
Mathematics
Advanced Mathematical Theories and Applications
article

A Unified Quadratic Algebraic Approach to Hadamard–Fibonacci Transformations

Kadirhan Polat, Sait Taş, Abdullah Çağman
article en

Abstract

In this paper, we introduce and study a Hadamard-type transformation associated with quadratic Fibonacci numbers over the parametrized quadratic algebra Kp=R[h]/(h2−p) for p∈R. Rather than generalizing the scalar recurrence relation itself, we change the algebra in which the sequence takes its values and define the quadratic Fibonacci elements by Fn(p):=Fn+hFn+1, inspired by the relation αn=Fnα+Fn−1 for the golden ratio α and the matrix representations of Fibonacci sequences. To proceed, we employ generating functions, spectral operator theory, and the geometry of Kp based on the parameter p. By using Binet-type representations, we obtain a closed formula for the transform of an arbitrary generating function and describe the corresponding operator in a spectral way. In particular, we show that the monomials form an eigenbasis of the Hadamard–Fibonacci operator and that the eigenvalues are exactly the quadratic Fibonacci elements. Furthermore, we examine the preservation of rationality and algebraicity, the scaling of singularities, and the asymptotic growth rate under iteration, accompanied by explicit applications to harmonic numbers, Catalan numbers, and Stirling numbers of the second kind.

MathematicsVol. 14(21)
Erzurum Technical University (TR), Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University (TR), Atatürk University (TR)
Advanced Mathematical Theories and Applications
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