La dilación procesal y su incidencia en la justicia material en Ecuador

This study examines the relationship between intentional procedural delays, limitation periods for criminal prosecution, and substantive justice in Ecuador by reviewing the domestic legal framework alongside legislation from Colombia and Spain. The research follows a qualitative, documentary, and doctrinal legal approach with descriptive and proposal-oriented purposes. Legal rules, scholarly sources, and judicial decisions are reviewed according to the origin of the delay, the rights involved, and the temporal consequence established by each institution. The analysis distinguishes institutional delay, time reasonably required for an effective defense, and deliberate obstruction of proceedings, while also showing that criminal limitation periods, expiration of pretrial detention, and reasonable-time review pursue different legal purposes. Ecuadorian law contains responses to procedural abuse and specific provisions on the expiration of pretrial detention, but those rules do not independently alter the calculation of limitation periods. Comparative law provides criteria for attributing delay without supporting their automatic transfer between distinct legal institutions. Any future exclusion of time caused by intentional procedural obstruction would therefore require an express statutory basis, evidence linking the conduct to the delay, an opportunity for adversarial challenge, a reasoned judicial decision, and proportionate limits, while protection of victims must remain compatible with the presumption of innocence, legal certainty, and the State's duty to process criminal cases diligently.