Female cyberactivism: dynamics, strategies and transformations in digital participation.

Abstract* Background Female cyberactivism has become an important form of digital participation, enabling women to organise collective actions, disseminate social demands, and build networks through online platforms. However, the dynamics, strategies, impacts, and challenges that characterise women’s participation in digital activism remain fragmented in the scientific literature. This study aimed to identify the main factors driving female cyberactivism and analyse the digital tools, communication strategies, social and political impacts, and challenges associated with these practices. Methods A systematic literature review was conducted following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Scientific documents indexed in Scopus and Web of Science were identified using predefined eligibility criteria related to female cyberactivism, digital participation, and feminist digital movements. From 545 initially identified records, 28 studies were selected for qualitative analysis. The extracted information was categorised according to expansion factors, digital platforms, communication strategies, impacts, and challenges. Results The findings show that female cyberactivism is primarily supported by community engagement, networked mobilisation, digital narratives, and hashtag-based actions. Digital platforms facilitate public awareness, solidarity networks, media visibility, and forms of political influence. However, these practices are affected by persistent challenges, including digital surveillance, limited resources, platform censorship, cybersecurity risks, and online harassment. Conclusions Female cyberactivism represents a situated and relational form of digital participation in which technological infrastructures, collective practices, and gender-based demands interact. The study contributes to understanding how women transform digital spaces into environments for mobilisation, visibility, and social change while highlighting persistent barriers that shape participation in online contexts.