Paradoxo do Custo de Vida em Angola: validação externa do ARIMA (0,2,2)

This article analyses the gap between the deceleration of official inflation in Angola (14.56% in January 2026) and the persistence of high prices for essential goods: the Cost-of-Living Paradox. The ARIMA(0,2,2) model is submitted to external validation on the IPCN series from December 2015 to August 2026, under a declared protocol. In the recursive validation (n = 56) the mean absolute error was 0.30 percentage points and the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) 1.63%, outperforming six naive benchmarks (Diebold-Mariano, p < 0.001); strictly out of sample (n = 8, information fixed in December 2025) the MAPE rises to 4.58%, with the coverage of all eight intervals and a bias of +0.52 percentage points. The cost of living in Luanda is then characterised with Numbeo unit prices (6 October 2026): the rent of a three-bedroom apartment in the city centre absorbs 152.0% of the average net salary and the budget of a family of four excluding rent amounts to 161.4% of that salary. The deceleration of inflation coexists with a price level that a single average net salary does not cover in the reference budget of a middle-income household, and independent modelling subjected to validation is useful but limited in scope.

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Publication Details

Journal
Revista Angolana de Ciencias
Published
2026-11-09
DOI
https://doi.org/10.54580/r0802.10
Primary Topic
Monetary Policy and Economic Impact
Type
article
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article

Paradoxo do Custo de Vida em Angola: validação externa do ARIMA (0,2,2)

Venâncio Elavoco Cassova Martins
Revista Angolana de Ciencias
Monetary Policy and Economic Impact
article

Paradoxo do Custo de Vida em Angola: validação externa do ARIMA (0,2,2)

Venâncio Elavoco Cassova Martins
article en

Abstract

This article analyses the gap between the deceleration of official inflation in Angola (14.56% in January 2026) and the persistence of high prices for essential goods: the Cost-of-Living Paradox. The ARIMA(0,2,2) model is submitted to external validation on the IPCN series from December 2015 to August 2026, under a declared protocol. In the recursive validation (n = 56) the mean absolute error was 0.30 percentage points and the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) 1.63%, outperforming six naive benchmarks (Diebold-Mariano, p < 0.001); strictly out of sample (n = 8, information fixed in December 2025) the MAPE rises to 4.58%, with the coverage of all eight intervals and a bias of +0.52 percentage points. The cost of living in Luanda is then characterised with Numbeo unit prices (6 October 2026): the rent of a three-bedroom apartment in the city centre absorbs 152.0% of the average net salary and the budget of a family of four excluding rent amounts to 161.4% of that salary. The deceleration of inflation coexists with a price level that a single average net salary does not cover in the reference budget of a middle-income household, and independent modelling subjected to validation is useful but limited in scope.

Revista Angolana de CienciasVol. 8(2)
Universidade José Eduardo dos Santos (AO)
Monetary Policy and Economic Impact
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Paradoxo do Custo de Vida em Angola: validação externa do ARIMA (0,2,2) — Venâncio Elavoco Cassova Martins · Revista Angolana de Ciencias (2026) | TGRS Research Map | TGRS