AI Is Not an Employee: Workplace Mental Models and the Context Discovery Gap in Human-AI Interaction

AI adoption can falter not because systems lack capability, but because organizations apply employee mental models to systems that do not participate in work as socially embedded employees. This article develops a theoretical model of that mismatch, drawing on theory of mind, psychological contracts, shared mental models, transactive memory, and automation reliance research. It introduces the context discovery gap: a mismatch between the organizational context people assume AI already has or will discover and the context it can actually obtain and use in a workplace. Employee-associated expectations may contribute to this mismatch by leading users to leave relevant background unstated. The article argues that the missing psychology of AI adoption lies in the human assumptions through which AI systems are understood, delegated to, and evaluated. As a conceptual contribution, it connects these assumptions to context provision and reliance, develops testable propositions, and identifies responsibilities for designing and maintaining context discovery.

Authors

Institutions

Publication Details

Journal
International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction
Published
2026-11-09
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2026.2757414
Primary Topic
Human-Automation Interaction and Safety
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00
Controls
|||
ALL TIME
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
article

AI Is Not an Employee: Workplace Mental Models and the Context Discovery Gap in Human-AI Interaction

Wen Hsiang Lu, Jing Rung Huang
International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction
Human-Automation Interaction and Safety
article

AI Is Not an Employee: Workplace Mental Models and the Context Discovery Gap in Human-AI Interaction

Wen Hsiang Lu, Jing Rung Huang
article en

Abstract

AI adoption can falter not because systems lack capability, but because organizations apply employee mental models to systems that do not participate in work as socially embedded employees. This article develops a theoretical model of that mismatch, drawing on theory of mind, psychological contracts, shared mental models, transactive memory, and automation reliance research. It introduces the context discovery gap: a mismatch between the organizational context people assume AI already has or will discover and the context it can actually obtain and use in a workplace. Employee-associated expectations may contribute to this mismatch by leading users to leave relevant background unstated. The article argues that the missing psychology of AI adoption lies in the human assumptions through which AI systems are understood, delegated to, and evaluated. As a conceptual contribution, it connects these assumptions to context provision and reliance, develops testable propositions, and identifies responsibilities for designing and maintaining context discovery.

International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction
National Cheng Kung University (TW)
Human-Automation Interaction and Safety
AI Navigator

Ask Laika to Summarize, Analyze, and Connect papers live on the map.

Summarize Papers & Methodologies

Extract key findings, datasets, and comparative methods across publications.

Benchmark Rankings & Visual Analytics

Rank top research institutions, authors, funders, topics, and journals by Field-Weighted Citation Impact (FWCI) and paper volume with instant charts.

Connect Distant Disciplines

Bridge topological clusters on the map to find hidden collaborative intersections.

Laika access coming soon
AI Is Not an Employee: Workplace Mental Models and the Context Discovery Gap in Human-AI Interaction — Wen Hsiang Lu, Jing Rung Huang · International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction (2026) | TGRS Research Map | TGRS