Modulación auxina-citocinina para optimizar la morfogénesis en explantes de Fragaria × ananassa Duch.

In vitro propagation of Fragaria × ananassa via organogenic calluses is an efficient method for regenerating shoots and whole plants. This study evaluated the effects of distinct combinations of growth regulators, water-soluble polysaccharides and phosphoproteins on the induction of calluses from leaf explants of the Festival and CP-Jacona cultivars. Six treatments were tested with varying concentrations of NAA, 2,4-D, BA, TDZ, MET, GA and CS. After 150 days, survival, induction percentage, diameter, weight, texture and degree of development of calluses were measured. In the Festival cultivar, treatment T3 (3 mg L-¹ 2,4-D + 0.5 mg L-¹ BA) was the most effective, achieving 96.3% survival, 92.6% induction, friable calluses, and good development (61-80%). For the CP-Jacona cultivar, treatment T2 (0.2 mg L-¹ 2,4-D + 1 mg L-¹ TDZ) showed the best yield, with 96.3% survival and induction, friable calluses and development in the same interval (61-80%). In both cultivars, calluses differentiated into shoots using specific media: in Festival, MS + 1.5 mg L-¹ 2,4-D + 0.25 mg L-¹ BA and in CP-Jacona, MS + 0.1 mg L-¹ 2,4-D + 0.5 mg L-¹ TDZ + 1 mg L-¹ BA. The specific protocols applied enabled successful induction and differentiation of organogenic calluses in strawberries, representing a viable alternative for their propagation and genetic improvement.