Public Acceptability of Municipal Heat Adaptation and Related Climate Measures in Four Czech Cities

Municipalities need evidence on public support for specific measures when responding to urban heat. This study compared stated acceptability of 36 municipal heat-adaptation and related climate measures in Prague, Brno, Ostrava and Hradec Králové, Czechia. A September 2025 survey included 1242 residents aged 15–74 years, with approximately equal achieved sample sizes across the four cities, and distinguished support, opposition, abstention and declared non-participation under a hypothetical referendum scenario without specified fiscal costs. Unweighted pooled percentages combined item-specific valid response counts across these city samples and describe the achieved comparative sample. Ward clustering grouped the 36 measures using nominal indicators of individual responses from 874 complete cases, with sensitivity analyses and bootstrap reclustering. Pooled support ranged from 33% for electric-car purchase support to 89% for parks, orchards and urban forests. Eight measures exceeded 75% support in every city. The exploratory Ward partition contained 13, 11 and 12 measures, with mean bootstrap item retention of 0.913. However, low silhouette widths and substantial linkage sensitivity precluded treating the grouping as a validated, transferable classification. The findings support examining individual measures and the composition of non-support alongside endorsement. While the applied approach can inform municipal consultation, its hypothetical scenarios, selective item completion and dependence on analytical choices require cautious interpretation.