Zbořený Kostelec 1: New evidence of Magdalenian settlement in Bohemia

This study presents new evidence of Magdalenian occupation in Bohemia through the analysis of a surface lithic assemblage from the Zbořený Kostelec 1 site located in the Sázava River region of Central Bohemia. Although the assemblage was recovered through surface prospection and its original spatial context was significantly disturbed by agricultural activity, its technotypological characteristics allow its attribution to the Magdalenian. Technological characteristics, including a strong focus on regular blade production, prepared striking platforms, and use of direct soft organic percussion, correspond to the advanced blade technologies characteristic of the Central European Magdalenian. While the tool assemblage is dominated by burins, other typical Magdalenian tool types such as end-scrapers, borers and backed bladelets are present as well. The variable degree of patination observed within the assemblage is discussed in relation to post-depositional processes. Comparison with the well-known Magdalenian site of Hostim 1 demonstrates a shared technological tradition, while also revealing differences in site function. Whereas Hostim 1 appears to have had a stronger association with hunting-related activities and projectile equipment, Zbořený Kostelec 1 represents a more diversified activity area combining lithic production, tool maintenance, and domestic tasks. In comparison with Kvíc, more distinct differences in terms of the raw material economy and toolkit are observed. The study highlights the importance of surface assemblages for reconstructing Magdalenian mobility, technological organisation, and landscape use in Bohemia.