Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists Are Associated With Increased Incidence of Carpal Tunnel and Cubital Tunnel Syndromes: A Matched Cohort Study

BACKGROUND: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1As) are a novel and increasingly popular drug class for treating diabetes and obesity, which are well-known risk factors for carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and cubital tunnel syndrome (CuTS). This study aims to assess the impact of GLP-1A medications on the development of these conditions, the effect on intervention, and subsequent complications following treatment. METHODS: This retrospective matched cohort study utilized data from the TriNetX platform. Patients receiving GLP-1As were matched to a control cohort. The incidence of CTS and CuTS, identified via International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision diagnosis codes, was compared between the GLP-1A and control cohorts. Associated risks were calculated. Patients with an index diagnosis of CTS or CuTS were then stratified into GLP-1A use and non-use groups. Progression to initial intervention was evaluated over 5 years. Finally, outcomes were compared for patients who underwent operative treatment. RESULTS: < .001). Among patients with CTS or CuTS, the GLP-1A cohort was more likely to receive corticosteroid injection and operative management. There was no difference in postoperative opioid prescription, infection, or electromyography after undergoing carpal or cubital tunnel release between the GLP-1A and control cohorts. CONCLUSIONS: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist use was associated with an increased risk of developing CTS and CuTS and requiring intervention. Further research is required to elucidate the mechanisms between GLP-1A use and these outcomes.