Human Capital 4.0, Employee Green Behavior, and Innovativeness in Indonesian Telecommunications

Background: The rapid advancement of digital technologies under Industry 4.0 has transformed business operations and increased the need for employees to develop relevant knowledge, skills, and attitudes. At the same time, organizations face growing expectations to integrate environmental sustainability into workplace practices and business processes. Objective: This study examines the relationships among Industry 4.0 human capital competency (HC4.0), employee green behavior (EGB), and individual innovativeness. It also tests whether EGB moderates the relationship between HC4.0 and individual innovativeness. Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted within XT Group, a telecommunications group in Indonesia with more than 20,000 employees. Data were collected through an online questionnaire using random sampling, yielding 347 valid responses. Multiple linear regression was used to examine the direct relationships among HC4.0, EGB, and individual innovativeness and to test the moderating effect of EGB. Results: the finding shows that individual innovativeness has a significant positive correlation with human capital 4.0 (B = .678, p < .0001) and employee green behavior (B = .172, p = .002). However, this study does not find the same state of correlation for the moderating variable of employee green behavior towards the relationship between human capital 4.0 and individual innovativeness (B = -.096, p = .193). Conclusion: These findings contribute to the knowledge creation needed for the industry 4.0 era, specifically the human capital competency stream for ICT businesses through human capital development initiatives.