Recent advances in microRNA-Based pathological mechanisms and diagnosis and treatment of multiple myeloma

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematologic malignancy that primarily affects elderly patients. MM is currently incurable, and recurrence and drug resistance are very common. Numerous studies have shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) play a key regulatory role in the onset and progression of MM. We conducted a search of the PubMed database, focusing on studies published in the past 5 years regarding the association between microRNAs and MM. This article focuses on elucidating the role of microRNAs in MM and their potential mechanisms of action, summarizing the biosynthesis and function of miRNAs, the mechanisms underlying their abnormal expression in MM, and their role in tumor biological behavior. Furthermore, this article explores the potential of miRNAs as biomarkers for the diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction of treatment response in MM, and reviews miRNA-based therapeutic and research strategies. Although miRNA-targeted therapy has shown promise in preclinical studies, it still faces numerous challenges. In the future, with the elucidation of miRNA networks, the standardization of research protocols, and the development of precise delivery systems, miRNAs are expected to represent a major breakthrough in the field of personalized diagnosis and treatment of multiple myeloma.