Barriers and Facilitators to Physical Activity Among Children with Type 1 Diabetes: A Qualitative Study of Parents’ and Healthcare Providers’ Perspectives in Saudi Arabia

Background/Objectives: Regular physical activity is an important component of healthy development and diabetes management for children with type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, concerns about hypoglycemia, limited knowledge of T1D-related physical activity and glucose management, inadequate school support, and other contextual factors may restrict participation. This qualitative study explored barriers and facilitators influencing physical activity among children with T1D from the perspectives of parents and healthcare providers in Saudi Arabia. Methods: One-to-one semi-structured interviews were conducted with parents of children with T1D and healthcare providers involved in pediatric diabetes care. Participants were purposively recruited at King Saud Medical City Pediatric Hospital. Interviews were conducted in February 2025 and analyzed using thematic analysis, with the Social Ecological Model guiding the interview domains and interpretation. Twenty-three participants were included: 13 parents and 10 healthcare providers. Results: Six themes were identified: (1) physical activity practices and preferences; (2) barriers to physical activity; (3) strategies for managing blood glucose during activity; (4) parental and professional support systems; (5) need for structured programs; and (6) societal awareness and stigma. Fear of hypoglycemia, limited school preparedness, lack of awareness, and limited routine activity were important barriers, while glucose monitoring, family and professional guidance, and structured support were described as facilitators. Conclusions: The findings support the need for practical education, trained school personnel, structured physical activity opportunities, and coordinated support across families, healthcare services, schools, and communities.