Defining core competencies and training needs for cardiovascular nurse practitioners in China: A qualitative study of nursing experts' perspectives

ABSTRACT Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) present a critical challenge to China's health care system, yet primary care lacks professionals trained to manage complex CVD cases. Developing cardiovascular nurse practitioners (CVNPs) is a strategic solution, although their core competencies and training models remain undefined in the Chinese context. To date, no study has systematically examined Chinese nursing experts' perspectives on this issue. Purpose: The aim of this study was to explore the views and opinions of nursing experts on the entry standards, training content, and support needs for CVNPs. Methodology: From November 2021 to April 2023, a qualitative descriptive study was conducted involving nursing managers in cardiovascular departments from three hospitals and community health service centers in Beijing and Harbin, China. The collected data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: Three primary themes were identified: (1) core competency domains for CVNPs, (2) training pathway for CVNPs, and (3) regulatory and policy support needs. Conclusions: These findings provide important references for constructing the training programs of CVNPs and are conducive to improving the quality of cardiovascular nursing services and professional development. Implications: This study establishes a competency and training framework for Chinese CVNPs. It provides empirical references for standardized training, curriculum design, and policy optimization, facilitating localized cultivation of advanced cardiovascular nursing talents.