Powering Uganda's Transformation: Structure, Constraints, Pricing and Financing in the Electricity Sub-Sector

Electricity is the binding input for Uganda's industrialization and value-addition agenda. The Ministry of Energy has acknowledged that installed capacity, though much improved, remains below what industrialization, e-mobility and transport electrification would require once suppressed demand is released. The sector is therefore both a success story and a cautionary tale. the country-built generation faster than the grid and the customer base needed to absorb it and is now managing the fiscal consequences.This paper pursues four aims. First, it describes the sector's structure across generation, transmission, distribution and regulation. Second, it identifies the main challenges and what should be done about them. Third, it examines consumer pricing, policy and financing. Fourth, it sketches what the sector should look like by 2040. Recommendations are the author's own analysis, built on the cited evidence.