Digitally bordered integer matrices: determinants, 3-adic distributions, and rational generating functions

Given an integer matrix A of order n, form M by appending the digital roots of the row sums, the column sums and the total sum. The determinant is always divisible by 9. We prove an exact identity det M = 9 tau det A - 81 c^T adj(A) r with explicit carries, show that the adjugate of M has rank one modulo 9, and show that k iterated expansions produce the factor 9^k. If the entries of A are Haar-distributed in the 3-adic integers, the carry tau is exactly uniform modulo 9 and independent of A modulo 9. Consequently P(81 divides det M) = 1 - (8/9) Q_n - (4/9) R_n, which equals 18281/59049 for n = 3 and tends to about 0.31540. Conditioning on the digits of A modulo 9 reduces the full law of the 3-adic valuation of det M to a finite average of Igusa-type generating functions, parametrised by the Smith invariants of a matrix built from those digits. The n = 1 law is closed; the n = 2 law is a rational function certified by exhaustive enumeration of all 6561 digital matrices. The algebraic core is formalised in Lean 4 and checked with AXLE. We do not claim cryptographic content, nor priority for the classical p-adic determinant laws. The record contains the English version (main file), a faithful Portuguese version, and the supplementary archive (Python scripts, figures, data, and Lean 4 files checked with the AXLE verifier for the algebraic identities of the bordered determinant, the adjugate, the iteration, and the carry splitting).

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Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2026-11-09
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24067622
Primary Topic
Analytic Number Theory Research
Type
preprint
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preprint

Digitally bordered integer matrices: determinants, 3-adic distributions, and rational generating functions

Fábio Dayan Soares de Melo
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Analytic Number Theory Research
preprint

Digitally bordered integer matrices: determinants, 3-adic distributions, and rational generating functions

Fábio Dayan Soares de Melo
preprint en

Abstract

Given an integer matrix A of order n, form M by appending the digital roots of the row sums, the column sums and the total sum. The determinant is always divisible by 9. We prove an exact identity det M = 9 tau det A - 81 c^T adj(A) r with explicit carries, show that the adjugate of M has rank one modulo 9, and show that k iterated expansions produce the factor 9^k. If the entries of A are Haar-distributed in the 3-adic integers, the carry tau is exactly uniform modulo 9 and independent of A modulo 9. Consequently P(81 divides det M) = 1 - (8/9) Q_n - (4/9) R_n, which equals 18281/59049 for n = 3 and tends to about 0.31540. Conditioning on the digits of A modulo 9 reduces the full law of the 3-adic valuation of det M to a finite average of Igusa-type generating functions, parametrised by the Smith invariants of a matrix built from those digits. The n = 1 law is closed; the n = 2 law is a rational function certified by exhaustive enumeration of all 6561 digital matrices. The algebraic core is formalised in Lean 4 and checked with AXLE. We do not claim cryptographic content, nor priority for the classical p-adic determinant laws. The record contains the English version (main file), a faithful Portuguese version, and the supplementary archive (Python scripts, figures, data, and Lean 4 files checked with the AXLE verifier for the algebraic identities of the bordered determinant, the adjugate, the iteration, and the carry splitting).

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Analytic Number Theory Research
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