Networks of trade and sociability among New Christians in eighteenth-century Brazil: the trajectory of the New Christian Luís Mendes de Sá

Abstract This article examines the trajectory of the New Christian Luís Mendes de Sá, a resident of Rio de Contas in the Bahian hinterland, and his networks of trade and sociability linking Bahia, Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro in the first half of the eighteenth century. The research analyses confessions, denunciations and other inquisitorial records in dialogue with scholarship on crypto-Judaism and the routes along which goods circulated. As mining expanded, Luís Mendes de Sá’s work as a trader and caravan leader brought him into inter-captaincy commerce and into New Christian family and religious networks. Born in the Holy Office’s prisons, he returned to imprisonment thirty-seven years later, accused of Judaising, and was ultimately sentenced to death at the stake. The study follows his learning of the Law of Moses within the family, his migration to Portuguese America, the contacts he established through commercial circuits and his interrogations in 1738–1739. It argues that religious practice and business were connected through relationships of trust, which facilitated both the circulation of goods and the clandestine observance of faith. The defendant’s resistance to disclosing some contacts, even under the harsh conditions of imprisonment, reveals the importance of these ties and the disruptive effects of inquisitorial persecution on networks of sociability. Keywords: trajectory; New Christians; crypto-Judaism; commercial networks. English translation of this article by: Brian Gordon Lutalo Kibuuka (translation editor), Alisson Trindade Lima, Ayara Floquet da Silva, Bárbara Melissa Barbosa Marcondes de Almeida, Bruno Carneiro Nascimento, Dielson Santos da Costa, Elisabete de Lima Torres, Leila Melquiades Vieira da Silva, Sharla Gabriela dos Anjos Salvador, and Yasmin Santos Ribeiro. Resumo Este artigo analisa a trajetória do cristão-novo Luís Mendes de Sá, morador de Rio de Contas, no sertão baiano, e suas relações comerciais e de sociabilidade entre Bahia, Minas Gerais e Rio de Janeiro, na primeira metade do século XVIII. A pesquisa examina confissões, denúncias e demais registros inquisitoriais, articulando-os à historiografia do criptojudaísmo e dos caminhos de circulação de mercadorias. Com o crescimento da mineração, o trabalho de Luís Mendes de Sá como tratante e comboieiro inseriu-o no comércio entre capitanias e em redes familiares e religiosas de cristãos-novos. Nascido nos cárceres do Santo Ofício, retornou à prisão trinta e sete anos depois, acusado de judaizar, e acabou condenado à morte na fogueira. O estudo acompanha a aprendizagem da Lei de Moisés no ambiente familiar, a emigração para a América portuguesa, os contatos estabelecidos nos circuitos mercantis e os interrogatórios de 1738–1739. Sustenta que práticas religiosas e negócios se articulavam por relações de confiança, que favoreciam tanto a circulação de mercadorias quanto a observância clandestina da fé. As resistências do réu em revelar alguns contatos, mesmo sob as duras condições do encarceramento, evidenciam a importância desses vínculos e os efeitos desagregadores da perseguição inquisitorial sobre as redes de sociabilidade. Palavras-chave: trajetória; cristãos-novos; criptojudaísmo; redes comerciais.

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Publication Details

Journal
Baraúnas Revista de História
Published
2026-11-09
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24083430
Primary Topic
Sephardic Jews and Inquisition Studies
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article
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article

Networks of trade and sociability among New Christians in eighteenth-century Brazil: the trajectory of the New Christian Luís Mendes de Sá

Cleílton Chaga Bernardes
Baraúnas Revista de História
Sephardic Jews and Inquisition Studies
article

Networks of trade and sociability among New Christians in eighteenth-century Brazil: the trajectory of the New Christian Luís Mendes de Sá

Cleílton Chaga Bernardes
article en

Abstract

Abstract This article examines the trajectory of the New Christian Luís Mendes de Sá, a resident of Rio de Contas in the Bahian hinterland, and his networks of trade and sociability linking Bahia, Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro in the first half of the eighteenth century. The research analyses confessions, denunciations and other inquisitorial records in dialogue with scholarship on crypto-Judaism and the routes along which goods circulated. As mining expanded, Luís Mendes de Sá’s work as a trader and caravan leader brought him into inter-captaincy commerce and into New Christian family and religious networks. Born in the Holy Office’s prisons, he returned to imprisonment thirty-seven years later, accused of Judaising, and was ultimately sentenced to death at the stake. The study follows his learning of the Law of Moses within the family, his migration to Portuguese America, the contacts he established through commercial circuits and his interrogations in 1738–1739. It argues that religious practice and business were connected through relationships of trust, which facilitated both the circulation of goods and the clandestine observance of faith. The defendant’s resistance to disclosing some contacts, even under the harsh conditions of imprisonment, reveals the importance of these ties and the disruptive effects of inquisitorial persecution on networks of sociability. Keywords: trajectory; New Christians; crypto-Judaism; commercial networks. English translation of this article by: Brian Gordon Lutalo Kibuuka (translation editor), Alisson Trindade Lima, Ayara Floquet da Silva, Bárbara Melissa Barbosa Marcondes de Almeida, Bruno Carneiro Nascimento, Dielson Santos da Costa, Elisabete de Lima Torres, Leila Melquiades Vieira da Silva, Sharla Gabriela dos Anjos Salvador, and Yasmin Santos Ribeiro. Resumo Este artigo analisa a trajetória do cristão-novo Luís Mendes de Sá, morador de Rio de Contas, no sertão baiano, e suas relações comerciais e de sociabilidade entre Bahia, Minas Gerais e Rio de Janeiro, na primeira metade do século XVIII. A pesquisa examina confissões, denúncias e demais registros inquisitoriais, articulando-os à historiografia do criptojudaísmo e dos caminhos de circulação de mercadorias. Com o crescimento da mineração, o trabalho de Luís Mendes de Sá como tratante e comboieiro inseriu-o no comércio entre capitanias e em redes familiares e religiosas de cristãos-novos. Nascido nos cárceres do Santo Ofício, retornou à prisão trinta e sete anos depois, acusado de judaizar, e acabou condenado à morte na fogueira. O estudo acompanha a aprendizagem da Lei de Moisés no ambiente familiar, a emigração para a América portuguesa, os contatos estabelecidos nos circuitos mercantis e os interrogatórios de 1738–1739. Sustenta que práticas religiosas e negócios se articulavam por relações de confiança, que favoreciam tanto a circulação de mercadorias quanto a observância clandestina da fé. As resistências do réu em revelar alguns contatos, mesmo sob as duras condições do encarceramento, evidenciam a importância desses vínculos e os efeitos desagregadores da perseguição inquisitorial sobre as redes de sociabilidade. Palavras-chave: trajetória; cristãos-novos; criptojudaísmo; redes comerciais.

Baraúnas Revista de História
Sephardic Jews and Inquisition Studies
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