Real-Life Implementation of Digital Technologies and Smart Manufacturing for the Design and Delivery of Personalised Nutrition Products

Abstract Personalised nutrition (PN) has advanced rapidly in digital assessment and advice, yet translation into scalable, real-world production of foods that are tailored to individual needs remains a key challenge. We present a comprehensive digital PN service that integrates data-driven nutrition advice with a flexible food manufacturing platform, enabling the production of foods tailored in nutritional composition, micronutrient content, product size, texture, flavour and colour on-demand: about 230,000 different personalised food products could be produced. This system was implemented in three distinct field labs, including a military setting, a hospital, and an elite female athletes cohort, demonstrating technical feasibility, sensory acceptance, and consumer engagement. Our findings support the technological flexibility and viability of PN food manufacturing, highlight consumer acceptance challenges, and identify directions for future research toward scalable, health-promoting personalised foods. We introduce a novel framework for adaptive food manufacturing, potentially transforming how future food systems respond to population heterogeneity.