Charge absorption enhancement in lead-free perovskite solar cells using fight explore optimization

The thickness of the lead-free Perovskite Solar Cells (Pb-free PSCs) absorber layer should be increased to generate more charge carriers, which increases the light absorption ability in the PSCs. Therefore, Methyl Ammonium Germanium Iodide (MAGeI3) PSC is designed by the Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator (SCAPS-1D) software. The Hole Transport Layer (HTL) of the solar cell is optimized by Fight Explore Optimization (FEO) to increase the layer thickness, which provides a high absorption ability to the PSC. Optimized layers achieve better performance values of charge density, current density, and Quasi Fermi level of charge carriers, 0.79eV and 0.000455eV respectively.